Accounting & Tax

Nephos Group was purpose-built for digital assets from the outset — the firm was founded in 2014 with crypto literacy as a core competency, and its specialist Myna arm (launched 2021) handles the most technically complex crypto accounting mandates. Unlike general accountants who have added crypto as an afterthought, Nephos has submitted formal responses to HMRC on stablecoin tax policy and built a dedicated proof-of-reserves attestation service for stablecoin issuers — a capability that very few accountancy firms globally can offer.

Yes — Nephos delivers attestation services specifically designed for stablecoin issuers, providing independent monthly verification that total token supply is backed 1:1 by reserve assets held in custody. The service blends traditional financial audit rigour with blockchain-native transparency, and is one of the few such offerings available from a UK-regulated accountancy firm. This is relevant for stablecoin issuers needing to demonstrate regulatory compliance or investor trust.

Knightbridge Tax advises on the full range of cryptoasset activity, including general cryptocurrency trades, crypto-to-crypto swaps, NFTs, DeFi lending and staking, mining, and token vesting. The team has hands-on investor experience and works with specialist crypto accounting software to ensure all transactions are captured and reported accurately.

Yes. The firm has significant experience managing HMRC disclosures and investigations, including responding to nudge letters and formal enquiries. They can help you track transactions back to their origin, calculate historic liabilities, and make voluntary disclosures to HMRC in a way that minimises penalties.

PwC's Digital Assets practice is most cost-effective and structured for large institutional clients — major exchanges, financial institutions, and enterprise blockchain teams — where Big Four audit credibility and global coordination are genuine requirements. Early-stage projects with limited budgets would typically find Big Four rates prohibitive for routine crypto tax filings; however, PwC can be relevant even at earlier stages for projects that specifically need institutional-grade assurance for investor or regulator purposes.

PwC offers crypto tax structuring and compliance, digital asset audit, token accounting standards guidance, DeFi tax treatment analysis, regulatory reporting, CBDC advisory, institutional digital asset strategy, and NFT tax advice. The firm has produced widely-cited research on token accounting standards and DeFi tax treatment, making it a thought leader as well as a practitioner.

Deloitte's Blockchain & Digital Assets practice spans enterprise blockchain strategy, crypto tax compliance, digital asset risk advisory, token accounting, blockchain-based supply chain transformation, RWA tokenisation strategy, and digital asset audit. The firm is particularly strong for Fortune 500 companies implementing blockchain solutions at scale — going well beyond pure accounting into strategic transformation advisory.

Deloitte's blockchain practice is predominantly oriented toward large enterprises, financial institutions, and major token projects — rather than early-stage crypto startups. The firm's Global Blockchain Survey and strategic advisory credentials position it as the preferred choice for C-suite-level digital asset strategy at established companies, not seed-stage founders.

KPMG's Digital Assets practice covers crypto tax and reporting, digital asset audit, corporate balance sheet accounting for crypto holdings, regulatory compliance, crypto fund audit, DeFi tax treatment, and NFT accounting. The firm has developed a globally recognised 'Crypto Assets' accounting guidance framework widely used by CFOs and finance teams navigating the accounting treatment of digital assets.

Yes — crypto fund audit is an explicit focus area for KPMG's practice. For funds seeking institutional LP capital, a KPMG audit is often a prerequisite, as LP due diligence processes typically require Big Four or recognised-firm audit credibility. KPMG has also developed proprietary blockchain analytics tools to support audit of on-chain assets.